They are taught that no man is born homosexual and many psychiatrists now believe that homosexuality begins to form in the first three years of life. Raymond Castro:So finally when they started taking me out, arm in arm up to the paddy wagon, I jumped up and I put one foot on one side, one foot on the other and I sprung back, knocking the two arresting officers, knocking them to the ground. Robin Haueter I wanted to kill those cops for the anger I had in me. Historic Films Nice to remember that fighting the police is sometimes a necessary part of the struggle for liberation. Seymour Pine, Deputy Inspector, Morals Division, NYPD:It was always hands up, what do you want? That's what gave oxygen to the fire. HISTORY.com works with a wide range of writers and editors to create accurate and informative content. The event sparked the formation of scores of gay rights organizations, including the Human Rights Campaign, OutRage! The police weren't letting us dance. Danny Garvin:We became a people. Martha Shelley WebJamie Tucker March 20, 2022 HIS 200 3-2 Writing Plan Progress Check 3 Topic of Interest: For my historical event I have chosen The Stonewall Riots. Ed Koch, Councilman, New York City:Yes, entrapment did exist, particularly in the subway system, in the bathrooms. Because the owners were still making a profit, they simply adjusted to the raids, and were often tipped off about them ahead of time.The Stonewall was raided on average once a month leading up to the raid on June 28, 1969 (Martin Duberman,Stonewall p. 187), and had been raided once already that same week. Howard Smith, Reporter,The Village Voice:And I keep listening and listening and listening, hoping I'm gonna hear sirens any minute and I was very freaked. The only faces you will see are those of the arresting officers. But we had to follow up, we couldn't just let that be a blip that disappeared. Beginning of our night out started early. Your choice, you can come in with us or you can stay out here with the crowd and report your stuff from out here. They were supposed to be weak men, limp-wristed. And in a sense the Stonewall riots said, "Get off our backs, deliver on the promise." And they wore dark police uniforms and riot helmets and they had billy clubs and they had big plastic shields, like Roman army, and they actually formed a phalanx, and just marched down Christopher Street and kind of pushed us in front of them. Raymond Castro:New York City subways, parks, public bathrooms, you name it. It was fun to see fags. Dick Leitsch:It was an invasion, I mean you felt outraged and stuff like you know what, God, this is America, what's this country come to? PBS - American Experience - Who was at Stonewall? Based on First you gotta get past the door. A History of Gay Rights in America. Lucian Truscott, IV, Reporter,The Village Voice:Saturday night there it was. Jimmy knew he shouldn't be interested but, well, he was curious. It was as if an artist had arranged it, it was beautiful, it was like mica, it was like the streets we fought on were strewn with diamonds. In the sexual area, in psychology, psychiatry. If youre interested in learning more about the Stonewall Riots, theres a free sneak preview of an upcoming American Experience film at the New York Public Library this evening at 6:30pm. 12 Test Bank IS2080 - Chapter 9 Test Study Guide Chapter 8 Practice BANA 2082 - Chapter 1.6 Notes Group Draft WRD - Grade: B These events and the people involved have not received as much historical attention as Stonewall, but are just as central to understandings of U.S. LGBTQIA+ histories. Tensions between New York City Police and gay residents of Greenwich Village erupted into more protests the next evening and again several nights later. What finally made sense to me was the first time I kissed a woman and I thought, "Oh, this is what it's about." Dr. Socarides (Archival):Homosexuality is in fact a mental illness which has reached epidemiological proportions. And I raised my hand at one point and said, "Let's have a protest march." Some are only available in physical libraries and archives, but many have been digitized. WebSTANFORD HISTORY EDUCATION GROUP sheg.stanford.edu Document B: Sylvia Rivera (Excerpt) Born and raised in New York City, Sylvia Rivera participated in the Stonewall Seymour Pine, Deputy Inspector, Morals Division, NYPD:There were no instructions except: put them out of business. Barack Obama designated the site of the Stonewall uprising a national monument. It was the law. John O'Brien:Heterosexuals, legally, had lots of sexual outlets. We had no speakers planned for the rally in Central Park, where we had hoped to get to. Just let's see if they can. Cause we could feel a sense of love for each other that we couldn't show out on the street, because you couldn't show any affection out on the street. Eric Marcus, Writer:Before Stonewall, there was no such thing as coming out or being out. They were not used to a bunch of drag queens doing a Rockettes kick line and sort of like giving them all the finger in a way. Biting had not been documented as a tactic of the rioters. Giles Kotcher Lucian Truscott, IV, Reporter,The Village Voice:What they did in the Stonewall that night. It is important to note that in addition to arresting LGBTQ+ people, first-hand accounts reveal the violence that police enacted on those they had arrested. All articles are regularly reviewed and updated by the HISTORY.com team. Though the Stonewall uprising didnt start the gay rights movement, it was a galvanizing force for LGBT political activism, leading to numerous gay rights organizations, including the Gay Liberation Front, Human Rights Campaign, GLAAD (formerly Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation), andPFLAG (formerly Parents, Families and Friends of Lesbians and Gays). One report cites three people Raymond Castro, Marilyn Fowler and Vincent DePaul as having acted together to shove and kick the officer. Ms. Fowler and Mr. DePaul had not been previously WebWhile police raids on gay bars were routine in the 1960s, officers quickly lost control of the situation at the Stonewall Inn on June 28, 1969. And it was fantastic. By all estimates, there were upwards of 3-5,000 marchers at the inaugural Pride in New York City, and today NYC marchers number in the millions. xGrS$GJ19f#Qld| C$ Rcyu5K+#<_7jntz~:tOuS=>@Vy?~j{P/TUc7VC^|j_](G.Ox.~vTGz6r+]* 6 :!>j6KcV'6FjSSTcNsWU zwOV$k5(;'NAo;;l'Skmu}n%86`naUfJ7WMvf If that didn't work, they would do things like aversive conditioning, you know, show you pornography and then give you an electric shock. David Huggins Dick Leitsch:You read about Truman Capote and Tennessee Williams and Gore Vidal and all these actors and stuff, Liberace and all these people running around doing all these things and then you came to New York and you found out, well maybe they're doing them but, you know, us middle-class homosexuals, we're getting busted all the time, every time we have a place to go, it gets raided. People could take shots at us. WebView informativespeechoutline.docx from COMM MISC at Texas State University. Dana Kirchoff Tommy Lanigan-Schmidt:What was so good about the Stonewall was that you could dance slow there. rebellion in the early morning hours of June 28, 1969. Find History on Facebook (Opens in a new window), Find History on Twitter (Opens in a new window), Find History on YouTube (Opens in a new window), Find History on Instagram (Opens in a new window), Find History on TikTok (Opens in a new window), Grey Villet/The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images, https://www.history.com/topics/gay-rights/the-stonewall-riots. After two years, police said they had been informed that liquor was being served on the premises. Don't fire until I fire. The idea was to be there first. Since 1976, Metropolitan Diary has been a place for New Yorkers, past and present, to share odd fleeting moments in the city. One document provides additional detail about the previously known arrest of David Van Ronk, a heterosexual folk singer (who was incorrectly described as an actor) who was accused of assaulting an officer with Lucian Truscott, IV, Reporter,The Village Voice:It was a bottle club which meant that I guess you went to the door and you bought a membership or something for a buck and then you went in and then you could buy drinks. Eric Marcus, Recreation Still Photography I mean does anyone know what that is? And it was one of the fewif not the onlygay bar left that allowed dancing. Tom Caruso Noah Goldman Jerry Hoose The 1960s and preceding decades were not welcoming times for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) Americans. Although I was going through an extremely Katrina Heilbroner Replace the bracketed text with your responses. Martin Boyce:That was our only block. Fred Sargeant:Things started off small, but there was an energy that began to flow through the crowd. Thats why all our lessons and assessments are free. I never believed in that. Tires were slashed on police cars and it just went on all night long. The Underground Lounge Research assistance provided by Mario Burrus, Adam Joseph Nichols, and Cole Souder. They didn't know what they were walking into. Alexis Charizopolis The most infamous of those institutions was Atascadero, in California. As the riots progressed, an international gay rights movement was born. University, A The shop had been threatened, we would get hang-up calls, calls where people would curse at us on the phone, we'd had vandalism, windows broken, streams of profanity. And there was tear gas on Saturday night, right in front of the Stonewall. Just making their lives miserable for once. WebIn the early hours of Saturday, June 28, 1969, a riot broke out during a police raid of the Stonewall Inn, an LGBT bar. On the one-year anniversary of the riots, thousands of people marches in the streets of Manhattan from the Stonewall Inn to Central Park in was then called Christopher Street Liberation Day, Americas first gay pride parade, (History, 2017). A police officer, Charles Holmes, was treated at St. Vincents Hospital after being bitten on the right wrist by a rioter. City Room, a news blog of live reporting, features and reader conversations about New York City, has been archived. WebLast Friday the privacy of the Stonewall was invaded by police from the First Division. And this went on for hours. John O'Brien:The election was in November of 1969 and this was the summer of 1969, this was June. The first documented U.S. gay rights organization, The Society for Human Rights (SHR), was founded in 1924 by Henry Gerber, a German immigrant. And once that happened, the whole house of cards that was the system of oppression of gay people started to crumble. And so there was this drag queen standing on the corner, so they go up and make a sexual offer and they'd get busted. Bars were one of the few places LBGTQ+ people could gather in public, and these spaces were frequently raided throughout the 1950s-1970s. Lucian Truscott, IV, Reporter,The Village Voice:TheNew York TimesI guess printed a story, but it wasn't a major story. That night, the police ran from us, the lowliest of the low. Stream thousands of hours of acclaimed series, probing documentaries and captivating specials commercial-free in HISTORY Vault. Certainly it was rare at the time to learn more than the first name or nickhame of someone you met casually in a bar. Raymond Castro:We were in the back of the room, and the lights went on, so everybody stopped what they were doing, because now the police started coming in, raiding the bar. We went, "Oh my God. Few photographs of the raid and the riots that followed exist. Howard Smith, Reporter,The Village Voice:But there were little, tiny pin holes in the plywood windows, I'll call them the windows but they were plywood, and we could look out from there and every time I went over and looked out through one of those pin holes where he did, we were shocked at how big the crowd had become. Daily News However, in the 51 years since, not everyone has benefited equally. COMM 2081 - Chapter 8; All kinds of designers, boxers, big museum people. Jerry Hoose:The bar itself was a toilet. Fred Sargeant:In the '60s, I met Craig Rodwell who was running the Oscar Wilde Bookshop. And when she grabbed that everybody knew she couldn't do it alone so all the other queens, Congo Woman, queens like that started and they were hitting that door. Milestones in the American Gay Rights Movement. The Stonewall riots inspired gay Americans to fight for their rights. First steps to freedom. The overwhelming number of medical authorities said that homosexuality was a mental defect, maybe even a form of psychopathy. Slate:The Homosexuals(1967), CBS Reports. It is important to note that there were a number of uprisings against police & statebrutality, harassment and entrapment of the LGBT+ communities in the U.S.in the years before Stonewall. J. Michael Grey For LGBT periodicals, seeLGBT Life with Full Text(EBSCO),Archives of Sexuality and Gender(Gale), and theOutHistorywebsite. Gay people were told we didn't have any of that. Very sleazy and colorful place I recall seeing boys walking around in silver jockstraps, etc. They raided the Checkerboard, which was a very popular gay bar, a week before the Stonewall. It said the most dreadful things, it said nothing about being a person. David Carter Arrest Reports From the 1969 Stonewall Uprising, City University of New York Graduate Center, photographs taken by The New York Times from the final night of the riots, Litter and Graffiti Show Norwoods Distress, Tavern on the Green Seeks Publics Support. Tommy Lanigan-Schmidt:There were all these articles in likeLife Magazineabout how the Village was liberal and people that were called homosexuals went there. Internet History Sourcebooks Project Documents from the 1969 Furor Immediately following the Stonewall riots of June 27th 1969, a series of demonstrations And it just seemed like, fantastic because the background was this industrial, becoming an industrial ruin, it was a masculine setting, it was a whole world. Lester Senior Housing Community, Jewish Community Housing Corporation Against David Van So it was a perfect storm for the police. Queer was very big. The parades official chant was: Say it loud, gay is proud.. Leroy S. Mobley Stonewall Inn. Virginia Apuzzo:It was free but not quite free enough for us. While the events of Stonewall are often referred to as "riots," Stonewall veterans have explicitly stated that they prefer the term Stonewalluprising orrebellion. by e-mail. They had a warrant. I never saw so many gay people dancing in my life. Doing things like that. 12 Test Bank - Gould's Ch. In 2019, shortly before the 50th anniversary of the riots, New York Citys police commissioner, James P. ONeill, issued an apology on behalf of the police department saying, The actions taken by the N.Y.P.D. Ed Koch, Councilman, New York City:The Stonewall, they didn't have a liquor license and they were raided by the cops regularly and there were pay-offs to the cops, it was awful. And you will be caught, don't think you won't be caught, because this is one thing you cannot get away with. The mob was saying, you know, "Screw you, cops, you think you can come in a bust us up? It was large and relatively cheap to enter. Dick Leitsch:Well, gay bars were the social centers of gay life. From theWikimedia Commons. It was a raid. Martin Boyce:I heard about the trucks, which to me was fascinated me, you know, it had an imagination thing that was like Marseilles, how can it only be a few blocks away? And if we catch you, involved with a homosexual, your parents are going to know about it first. I was wearing my mother's black and white cocktail dress that was empire-waisted. A Q-Ball Productions film for AMERICAN EXPERIENCE I would get in the back of the car and they would say, "We're going to go see faggots." The riots outside the Stonewall Inn waxed and waned for the next five days. Jerry Hoose:I mean the riot squad was used to riots. In Stonewall, renowned historian and activist Martin Duberman tells the full story of this pivotal moment in history. But I was just curious, I didn't want to participate because number one it was so packed. Tommy Lanigan-Schmidt:We would scatter, ka-poom, every which way. Edmund White (Foreword by); New York Public Library (Editor), Phyllis Lyon/Del Martin And The Daughters Of Bilitis, Arrest Reports from the 1969 Stonewall Uprising, Stonewall and It's Impact on the Gay Liberation Movement, Stonewall 50: Library of Congress Panel Discussion on LGBTQ+ Research, Christopher Street Liberation Day Committee Bulletin and Reports, Black Cat Raid, Los Angeles, California, 1967. And it would take maybe a half hour to clear the place out. One such well-known gathering place for young gay men, lesbians, and transgender people was the Stonewall Inn in Greenwich Village, a dark, seedy, crowded bar, reportedly operating without a liquor license. good people to the attention of your readers. Popular. All gifts are made through Stanford University and are tax-deductible. I learned, very early, that those horrible words were about me, that I was one of those people. Evan Eames Martin Boyce:There were these two black, like, banjee guys, and they were saying, "What's goin' on man?" It was one of the things you did in New York, it was like the Barnum and Bailey aspect of it. We were going to propose something that all groups could participate in and what we ended up producing was what's now known as the gay pride march. traumatic physicaL, emotional and financial personal experience of my own at the time, I nonetheless said a silent prayer for those who were brave enough to be fighting for freedom. Barney Karpfinger Documents. The Chicago riots, the Human Be-in, the dope smoking, the hippies. Here are my ID cards, you knew they were phonies. Lucian Truscott, IV, Reporter,The Village Voice:And then the next night. We could lose our memory from the beating, we could be in wheelchairs like some were. Dr. Socarides (Archival):I think the whole idea of saying "the happy homosexual" is to, uh, to create a mythology about the nature of homosexuality. Dick Leitsch:And that's when you started seeing like, bodies laying on the sidewalk, people bleeding from the head. Their anger was apparent and vocal as they watched bar patrons being forced into a police van. But I'm wearing this police thing I'm thinking well if they break through I better take it off really quickly but they're gunna come this way and we're going to be backing up and -- who knows what'll happen. I was a homosexual. Website support provided by Margaret Paz. Howard Smith, Reporter,The Village Voice:And by the time the police would come back towards Stonewall, that crowd had gone all the around Washington Place come all the way back around and were back pushing in on them from the other direction and the police would wonder, "These are the same people or different people?". Lucian Truscott, IV, Reporter,The Village Voice:They started busting cans of tear gas. I say, I cannot tell this without tearing up. Martin Boyce:It was another great step forward in the story of human rights, that's what it was. John O'Brien:There was one street called Christopher Street, where actually I could sit and talk to other gay people beyond just having sex. (Doc. Judith Kuchar That's more an uprising than a riot. Seymour Pine, Deputy Inspector, Morals Division, NYPD:Our radio was cut off every time we got on the police radio. He said, "Okay, let's go."
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